Periodic table chart

Valence electrons chart

Valence electrons are the electrons in an atom’s outer shell, the ones that take part in chemical bonds. For main-group elements their number follows the group.

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Lighter tiles in the d and f blocks show the number of outer-shell electrons; the valence electrons of these elements can also include inner d or f electrons.

The trend

Groups 1 and 2 have 1 and 2 valence electrons; groups 13 to 18 have 3 to 8 (helium has 2). Atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons until they have a full outer shell of eight, the octet rule, so the valence count predicts how many bonds an element forms and the charge of its ions.

Valence electrons chart of every element

No.	Element	Valence electrons	Electrons per shell
1	Hydrogen (H)	1	1
2	Helium (He)	2	2
3	Lithium (Li)	1	2, 1
4	Beryllium (Be)	2	2, 2
5	Boron (B)	3	2, 3
6	Carbon (C)	4	2, 4
7	Nitrogen (N)	5	2, 5
8	Oxygen (O)	6	2, 6
9	Fluorine (F)	7	2, 7
10	Neon (Ne)	8	2, 8
11	Sodium (Na)	1	2, 8, 1
12	Magnesium (Mg)	2	2, 8, 2
13	Aluminium (Al)	3	2, 8, 3
14	Silicon (Si)	4	2, 8, 4
15	Phosphorus (P)	5	2, 8, 5
16	Sulfur (S)	6	2, 8, 6
17	Chlorine (Cl)	7	2, 8, 7
18	Argon (Ar)	8	2, 8, 8
19	Potassium (K)	1	2, 8, 8, 1
20	Calcium (Ca)	2	2, 8, 8, 2
21	Scandium (Sc)	(2)	2, 8, 9, 2
22	Titanium (Ti)	(2)	2, 8, 10, 2
23	Vanadium (V)	(2)	2, 8, 11, 2
24	Chromium (Cr)	(1)	2, 8, 13, 1
25	Manganese (Mn)	(2)	2, 8, 13, 2
26	Iron (Fe)	(2)	2, 8, 14, 2
27	Cobalt (Co)	(2)	2, 8, 15, 2
28	Nickel (Ni)	(2)	2, 8, 16, 2
29	Copper (Cu)	(1)	2, 8, 18, 1
30	Zinc (Zn)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 2
31	Gallium (Ga)	3	2, 8, 18, 3
32	Germanium (Ge)	4	2, 8, 18, 4
33	Arsenic (As)	5	2, 8, 18, 5
34	Selenium (Se)	6	2, 8, 18, 6
35	Bromine (Br)	7	2, 8, 18, 7
36	Krypton (Kr)	8	2, 8, 18, 8
37	Rubidium (Rb)	1	2, 8, 18, 8, 1
38	Strontium (Sr)	2	2, 8, 18, 8, 2
39	Yttrium (Y)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 9, 2
40	Zirconium (Zr)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 10, 2
41	Niobium (Nb)	(1)	2, 8, 18, 12, 1
42	Molybdenum (Mo)	(1)	2, 8, 18, 13, 1
43	Technetium (Tc)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 13, 2
44	Ruthenium (Ru)	(1)	2, 8, 18, 15, 1
45	Rhodium (Rh)	(1)	2, 8, 18, 16, 1
46	Palladium (Pd)	(18)	2, 8, 18, 18
47	Silver (Ag)	(1)	2, 8, 18, 18, 1
48	Cadmium (Cd)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 18, 2
49	Indium (In)	3	2, 8, 18, 18, 3
50	Tin (Sn)	4	2, 8, 18, 18, 4
51	Antimony (Sb)	5	2, 8, 18, 18, 5
52	Tellurium (Te)	6	2, 8, 18, 18, 6
53	Iodine (I)	7	2, 8, 18, 18, 7
54	Xenon (Xe)	8	2, 8, 18, 18, 8
55	Caesium (Cs)	1	2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1
56	Barium (Ba)	2	2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2
57	Lanthanum (La)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2
58	Cerium (Ce)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2
59	Praseodymium (Pr)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2
60	Neodymium (Nd)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2
61	Promethium (Pm)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2
62	Samarium (Sm)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2
63	Europium (Eu)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2
64	Gadolinium (Gd)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
65	Terbium (Tb)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2
66	Dysprosium (Dy)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2
67	Holmium (Ho)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2
68	Erbium (Er)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2
69	Thulium (Tm)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
70	Ytterbium (Yb)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2
71	Lutetium (Lu)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2
72	Hafnium (Hf)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
73	Tantalum (Ta)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2
74	Tungsten (W)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
75	Rhenium (Re)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2
76	Osmium (Os)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2
77	Iridium (Ir)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2
78	Platinum (Pt)	(1)	2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1
79	Gold (Au)	(1)	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
80	Mercury (Hg)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2
81	Thallium (Tl)	3	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
82	Lead (Pb)	4	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4
83	Bismuth (Bi)	5	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
84	Polonium (Po)	6	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6
85	Astatine (At)	7	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7
86	Radon (Rn)	8	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8
87	Francium (Fr)	1	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1
88	Radium (Ra)	2	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2
89	Actinium (Ac)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2
90	Thorium (Th)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
91	Protactinium (Pa)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2
92	Uranium (U)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2
93	Neptunium (Np)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 9, 2
94	Plutonium (Pu)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2
95	Americium (Am)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 8, 2
96	Curium (Cm)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 9, 2
97	Berkelium (Bk)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 27, 8, 2
98	Californium (Cf)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2
99	Einsteinium (Es)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2
100	Fermium (Fm)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 30, 8, 2
101	Mendelevium (Md)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 31, 8, 2
102	Nobelium (No)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 2
103	Lawrencium (Lr)	(3)	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 3
104	Rutherfordium (Rf)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2
105	Dubnium (Db)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 11, 2
106	Seaborgium (Sg)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2
107	Bohrium (Bh)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 13, 2
108	Hassium (Hs)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 14, 2
109	Meitnerium (Mt)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 15, 2
110	Darmstadtium (Ds)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 16, 2
111	Roentgenium (Rg)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 17, 2
112	Copernicium (Cn)	(2)	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 2
113	Nihonium (Nh)	3	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 3
114	Flerovium (Fl)	4	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 4
115	Moscovium (Mc)	5	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 5
116	Livermorium (Lv)	6	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6
117	Tennessine (Ts)	7	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 7
118	Oganesson (Og)	8	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8