化合物とその化学式

この一覧では、代表的な化合物187種の化学式、名称、よく知られた用途、モル質量を示します。名称や化学式で絞り込むか、化合物ファインダーを開いて、含まれる元素から約2,500種の化合物を検索できます。

代表的な化合物

化合物の名称と用途は英語で表示しています。

化学式	名称	主な用途・特徴	モル質量 (g/mol)	元素
H₂O	Water	Universal solvent	18.015	H, O
H₂O₂	Hydrogen peroxide	Bleach and disinfectant	34.014	H, O
CO₂	Carbon dioxide	Fizzy drinks, photosynthesis	44.009	C, O
CO	Carbon monoxide	Toxic combustion gas	28.01	C, O
O₃	Ozone	Shields Earth from UV	47.997	O
NH₃	Ammonia	Fertiliser feedstock	17.031	N, H
N₂O	Nitrous oxide	Laughing gas, anaesthetic	44.013	N, O
NO	Nitric oxide	Signalling molecule in the body	30.006	N, O
NO₂	Nitrogen dioxide	Brown smog	46.005	N, O
SO₂	Sulfur dioxide	Wine preservative, acid rain	64.068	S, O
SO₃	Sulfur trioxide	Makes sulfuric acid	80.067	S, O
H₂S	Hydrogen sulfide	Rotten-egg smell	34.086	H, S
HCN	Hydrogen cyanide	Highly toxic gas	27.026	H, C, N
SF₆	Sulfur hexafluoride	Electrical insulator gas	146.06	S, F
PH₃	Phosphine	Fumigant	33.998	P, H
SiH₄	Silane	Semiconductor manufacturing	32.117	Si, H
AsH₃	Arsine	Doping gas for semiconductors	77.946	As, H
N₂H₄	Hydrazine	Rocket propellant	32.046	N, H
ClO₂	Chlorine dioxide	Water treatment	67.448	Cl, O
CH₄	Methane	Natural gas	16.043	C, H
C₂H₆	Ethane	Petrochemical feedstock	30.07	C, H
C₃H₈	Propane	Barbecue and heating fuel	44.097	C, H
C₄H₁₀	Butane	Lighter fuel	58.124	C, H
C₈H₁₈	Octane	Petrol component	114.232	C, H
C₂H₄	Ethylene	Makes polyethylene, ripens fruit	28.054	C, H
C₂H₂	Acetylene	Welding torches	26.038	C, H
C₆H₆	Benzene	Aromatic solvent	78.114	C, H
C₇H₈	Toluene	Paint thinner	92.141	C, H
C₁₀H₈	Naphthalene	Mothballs	128.174	C, H
CH₃OH	Methanol	Wood alcohol, fuel	32.042	C, H, O
C₂H₅OH	Ethanol	Drinking alcohol, biofuel	46.069	C, H, O
C₂H₆O₂	Ethylene glycol	Antifreeze	62.068	C, H, O
C₃H₈O₃	Glycerol	Soaps and cosmetics	92.094	C, H, O
CH₂O	Formaldehyde	Preservative, resins	30.026	C, H, O
C₃H₆O	Acetone	Nail-polish remover	58.08	C, H, O
CH₃COOH	Acetic acid	Vinegar	60.052	C, H, O
C₆H₈O₇	Citric acid	Citrus fruits	192.123	C, H, O
C₃H₆O₃	Lactic acid	Sour milk, muscles	90.078	C, H, O
C₆H₅OH	Phenol	Antiseptic, plastics	94.113	C, H, O
C₆H₁₂O₆	Glucose	Blood sugar	180.156	C, H, O
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁	Sucrose	Table sugar	342.297	C, H, O
CO(NH₂)₂	Urea	Fertiliser	60.056	C, O, N, H
C₂H₅NO₂	Glycine	Simplest amino acid	75.067	C, H, N, O
C₂₇H₄₆O	Cholesterol	Cell membranes	386.664	C, H, O
C₈H₁₀N₄O₂	Caffeine	Coffee and tea	194.194	C, H, N, O
C₁₀H₁₄N₂	Nicotine	Tobacco	162.236	C, H, N
C₉H₈O₄	Aspirin	Pain reliever	180.159	C, H, O
C₈H₉NO₂	Paracetamol	Pain reliever	151.165	C, H, N, O
C₁₃H₁₈O₂	Ibuprofen	Anti-inflammatory	206.285	C, H, O
C₃H₅N₃O₉	Nitroglycerin	Explosive, heart medicine	227.085	C, H, N, O
C₇H₅N₃O₆	TNT (trinitrotoluene)	Explosive	227.132	C, H, N, O
CCl₄	Carbon tetrachloride	Former dry-cleaning solvent	153.811	C, Cl
CHCl₃	Chloroform	Solvent, early anaesthetic	119.369	C, H, Cl
COCl₂	Phosgene	Makes plastics	98.91	C, O, Cl
C₂H₃Cl	Vinyl chloride	Makes PVC	62.496	C, H, Cl
C₂F₄	Tetrafluoroethylene	Makes PTFE (Teflon)	100.016	C, F
C₇H₅BiO₄	Bismuth subsalicylate	Stomach remedy	362.093	C, H, Bi, O
HCl	Hydrogen chloride	Hydrochloric acid, stomach acid	36.458	H, Cl
HF	Hydrogen fluoride	Etches glass	20.006	H, F
HBr	Hydrogen bromide	Strong acid	80.908	H, Br
HI	Hydrogen iodide	Strong acid	127.912	H, I
H₂SO₄	Sulfuric acid	Car batteries, most-made chemical	98.082	H, S, O
HNO₃	Nitric acid	Fertilisers and explosives	63.012	H, N, O
H₃PO₄	Phosphoric acid	Cola drinks, rust removal	97.994	H, P, O
H₂CO₃	Carbonic acid	Carbonated water	62.024	H, C, O
H₃BO₃	Boric acid	Antiseptic, insecticide	61.831	H, B, O
NaOH	Sodium hydroxide	Lye, soap making	39.997	Na, O, H
KOH	Potassium hydroxide	Alkaline batteries	56.105	K, O, H
LiOH	Lithium hydroxide	Battery cathodes, CO₂ scrubbers	24.007	Li, O, H
Ca(OH)₂	Calcium hydroxide	Slaked lime, mortar	74.094	Ca, O, H
Mg(OH)₂	Magnesium hydroxide	Milk of magnesia	58.319	Mg, O, H
NaCl	Sodium chloride	Table salt	58.44	Na, Cl
KCl	Potassium chloride	Salt substitute, fertiliser	74.548	K, Cl
CaCl₂	Calcium chloride	Road de-icer	110.98	Ca, Cl
MgCl₂	Magnesium chloride	De-icer, tofu coagulant	95.205	Mg, Cl
NaHCO₃	Sodium bicarbonate	Baking soda	84.006	Na, H, C, O
Na₂CO₃	Sodium carbonate	Washing soda, glass making	105.988	Na, C, O
CaCO₃	Calcium carbonate	Limestone, chalk, marble	100.088	Ca, C, O
CaO	Calcium oxide	Quicklime, cement	56.079	Ca, O
CaSO₄·2H₂O	Gypsum	Plaster and drywall	172.176	Ca, S, O, H
MgSO₄·7H₂O	Epsom salt	Bath salts	246.476	Mg, S, O, H
MgO	Magnesium oxide	Furnace linings, antacid	40.304	Mg, O
Na₂SO₄	Sodium sulfate	Detergents	142.046	Na, S, O
Na₂S₂O₃	Sodium thiosulfate	Photographic fixer	158.117	Na, S, O
NaClO	Sodium hypochlorite	Household bleach	74.439	Na, Cl, O
NaF	Sodium fluoride	Toothpaste	41.988	Na, F
SnF₂	Tin(II) fluoride	Toothpaste	156.707	Sn, F
Na₂PO₃F	Sodium monofluorophosphate	Toothpaste	143.949	Na, P, O, F
CaF₂	Calcium fluoride	Fluorite, optics	78.077	Ca, F
KI	Potassium iodide	Iodised salt, radiation protection	166.003	K, I
KNO₃	Potassium nitrate	Saltpeter, gunpowder	101.102	K, N, O
NaNO₃	Sodium nitrate	Fertiliser, food preservative	84.994	Na, N, O
NH₄NO₃	Ammonium nitrate	Fertiliser	80.043	N, H, O
NH₄Cl	Ammonium chloride	Sal ammoniac, salty licorice	53.489	N, H, Cl
(NH₄)₂SO₄	Ammonium sulfate	Fertiliser	132.144	N, H, S, O
KClO₃	Potassium chlorate	Matches and fireworks	122.545	K, Cl, O
KMnO₄	Potassium permanganate	Disinfectant, oxidiser	158.032	K, Mn, O
K₂Cr₂O₇	Potassium dichromate	Oxidising agent	294.182	K, Cr, O
NaCN	Sodium cyanide	Gold mining	49.008	Na, C, N
KCN	Potassium cyanide	Electroplating	65.116	K, C, N
NaN₃	Sodium azide	Car airbags	65.011	Na, N
Na₂SiO₃	Sodium silicate	Water glass, cements	122.062	Na, Si, O
Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O	Borax	Cleaning, slime	381.363	Na, B, O, H
Li₂CO₃	Lithium carbonate	Mood stabiliser, batteries	74.008	Li, C, O
LiCoO₂	Lithium cobalt oxide	Phone battery cathodes	97.931	Li, Co, O
LiFePO₄	Lithium iron phosphate	EV battery cathodes	157.81	Li, Fe, P, O
LiAlH₄	Lithium aluminium hydride	Reducing agent	38.014	Li, Al, H
NaBH₄	Sodium borohydride	Reducing agent	37.832	Na, B, H
BaSO₄	Barium sulfate	X-ray contrast meal	233.396	Ba, S, O
SrCO₃	Strontium carbonate	Red fireworks	147.628	Sr, C, O
CsCl	Caesium chloride	Density gradients in labs	168.355	Cs, Cl
RbCl	Rubidium chloride	Biochemistry research	120.918	Rb, Cl
Tl₂SO₄	Thallium(I) sulfate	Former rat poison	504.832	Tl, S, O
BeO	Beryllium oxide	Heat-conducting ceramic	25.011	Be, O
Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈	Beryl	Emerald and aquamarine	537.492	Be, Al, Si, O
SiO₂	Silicon dioxide	Quartz, sand, glass	60.083	Si, O
SiC	Silicon carbide	Abrasives, power electronics	40.096	Si, C
BN	Boron nitride	Super-hard ceramic	24.817	B, N
Al₂O₃	Aluminium oxide	Corundum, sapphire, ruby	101.96	Al, O
AlCl₃	Aluminium chloride	Antiperspirant, catalyst	133.332	Al, Cl
TiO₂	Titanium dioxide	White pigment, sunscreen	79.865	Ti, O
ZnO	Zinc oxide	Sunscreen, rubber	81.399	Zn, O
ZnS	Zinc sulfide	Glow-in-the-dark paint	97.47	Zn, S
Fe₂O₃	Iron(III) oxide	Rust, hematite	159.677	Fe, O
Fe₃O₄	Iron(II,III) oxide	Magnetite	231.516	Fe, O
FeS₂	Iron pyrite	Fool's gold	119.98	Fe, S
FeSO₄	Iron(II) sulfate	Iron supplements	151.906	Fe, S, O
CuO	Copper(II) oxide	Ceramic glazes	79.549	Cu, O
Cu₂O	Copper(I) oxide	Antifouling paint	143.099	Cu, O
CuSO₄·5H₂O	Copper(II) sulfate	Blue vitriol, fungicide	249.691	Cu, S, O, H
MnO₂	Manganese dioxide	Alkaline batteries	86.936	Mn, O
Cr₂O₃	Chromium(III) oxide	Green pigment	151.989	Cr, O
CoCl₂	Cobalt(II) chloride	Humidity indicator	129.833	Co, Cl
NiSO₄	Nickel(II) sulfate	Nickel plating	154.759	Ni, S, O
V₂O₅	Vanadium pentoxide	Sulfuric-acid catalyst	181.878	V, O
Sc₂O₃	Scandium oxide	High-intensity lamps	137.909	Sc, O
ZrO₂	Zirconium dioxide	Cubic zirconia, dental crowns	123.218	Zr, O
HfO₂	Hafnium dioxide	Transistor gate insulator	210.488	Hf, O
Nb₂O₅	Niobium pentoxide	Capacitors, optical glass	265.808	Nb, O
Ta₂O₅	Tantalum pentoxide	Capacitors	441.891	Ta, O
MoS₂	Molybdenum disulfide	Dry lubricant	160.09	Mo, S
WC	Tungsten carbide	Cutting tools	195.851	W, C
RuO₂	Ruthenium dioxide	Resistors, electrodes	133.098	Ru, O
RhCl₃	Rhodium(III) chloride	Catalyst precursor	209.256	Rh, Cl
PdCl₂	Palladium(II) chloride	Catalyst precursor	177.32	Pd, Cl
OsO₄	Osmium tetroxide	Staining for microscopy	254.196	Os, O
IrO₂	Iridium(IV) oxide	Electrolysis electrodes	224.218	Ir, O
Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂	Cisplatin	Cancer drug	300.042	Pt, N, H, Cl
AgNO₃	Silver nitrate	Antiseptic, mirror making	169.872	Ag, N, O
AgCl	Silver chloride	Photochromic lenses	143.318	Ag, Cl
AgBr	Silver bromide	Photographic film	187.768	Ag, Br
Ag₂S	Silver sulfide	Tarnish on silver	247.806	Ag, S
AuCl₃	Gold(III) chloride	Gold refining	303.317	Au, Cl
CdS	Cadmium sulfide	Yellow pigment	144.48	Cd, S
CdTe	Cadmium telluride	Thin-film solar cells	240.01	Cd, Te
HgS	Cinnabar	Vermilion pigment, mercury ore	232.66	Hg, S
HgCl₂	Mercury(II) chloride	Former disinfectant	271.49	Hg, Cl
GaAs	Gallium arsenide	LEDs and solar cells	144.645	Ga, As
GaN	Gallium nitride	Blue LEDs, fast chargers	83.73	Ga, N
InP	Indium phosphide	Fibre-optic lasers	145.792	In, P
GeO₂	Germanium dioxide	Optical fibres	104.628	Ge, O
SnO₂	Tin(IV) oxide	Gas sensors, glazes	150.708	Sn, O
PbS	Galena	Main lead ore	239.07	Pb, S
PbO	Lead(II) oxide	Lead-acid batteries, crystal glass	222.999	Pb, O
Sb₂S₃	Stibnite	Antimony ore, matches	339.73	Sb, S
SeO₂	Selenium dioxide	Oxidising agent	110.968	Se, O
TeO₂	Tellurium dioxide	Acousto-optic crystals	159.598	Te, O
P₄O₁₀	Phosphorus pentoxide	Drying agent	283.885	P, O
I₂O₅	Iodine pentoxide	Carbon monoxide detection	333.804	I, O
BrF₃	Bromine trifluoride	Fluorinating agent	136.895	Br, F
La₂O₃	Lanthanum oxide	Camera-lens glass	325.808	La, O
CeO₂	Cerium(IV) oxide	Glass polishing, catalytic converters	172.114	Ce, O
Nd₂Fe₁₄B	Neodymium magnet	Strongest permanent magnets	1,081.05	Nd, Fe, B
Eu₂O₃	Europium oxide	Red phosphor, euro banknotes	351.925	Eu, O
Gd₂O₃	Gadolinium oxide	MRI contrast research, phosphors	362.497	Gd, O
YBa₂Cu₃O₇	YBCO	High-temperature superconductor	666.209	Y, Ba, Cu, O
ThO₂	Thorium dioxide	Gas mantles, nuclear fuel	264.036	Th, O
UO₂	Uranium dioxide	Nuclear reactor fuel	270.027	U, O
UF₆	Uranium hexafluoride	Uranium enrichment	352.019	U, F
PuO₂	Plutonium dioxide	Spacecraft power (RTGs)	276.062	Pu, O
AmO₂	Americium dioxide	Smoke detectors	275.059	Am, O
NaTcO₄	Sodium pertechnetate	Medical imaging	183.892	Na, Tc, O
PoO₂	Polonium dioxide	Alpha-particle sources	240.98	Po, O
RaCl₂	Radium chloride	Early radiotherapy	296.925	Ra, Cl
XeF₄	Xenon tetrafluoride	One of the first noble-gas compounds	207.284	Xe, F
KrF₂	Krypton difluoride	Powerful fluorinating agent	121.797	Kr, F
HArF	Argon fluorohydride	The only known argon compound	59.906	H, Ar, F

インタラクティブ周期表で元素を1つ以上選ぶと、それらをすべて含む化合物が一覧から表示されます。

化合物ファインダーを開く

化合物とは？

化合物とは、2種類以上の元素が一定の割合で化学結合してできた物質です。水は、どこから得たものでも、酸素原子1個に対して必ず水素原子2個を含みます。化合物は固有の性質をもち、成分元素の性質とは大きく異なることがよくあります。ナトリウムは反応しやすい金属、塩素は有毒な気体ですが、結びつくと食塩になります。

化学式の読み方

化学式は化合物に含まれる元素の記号を並べたもので、記号の後ろの下付き数字が原子の数を表します。H₂SO₄ は水素原子2個、硫黄原子1個、酸素原子4個からなります。かっこは繰り返される原子団をまとめるので、Ca(OH)₂ は OH を2つ含みます。中点は結晶水を表し、CuSO₄·5H₂O は組成式1単位あたり水分子を5個含みます。

モル質量

モル質量は、化合物1モルの質量をグラムで表したものです。化学式に含まれるすべての原子の原子量の合計で、水の場合は 2 × 1.008 + 15.999 = 18.015 g/mol です。ほかの化学式にはモル質量計算ツールをお使いください。

化合物についての質問

化合物と混合物の違いは？

化合物では元素が一定の割合で化学結合しており、化学反応によってしか分けられません。空気や食塩水のような混合物では、各物質がもとの性質を保っており、物理的な方法で分けられます。

分子と化合物の違いは？

分子は2個以上の原子が結合したものです。化合物は2種類以上の元素からなる物質です。酸素ガス（O2）は分子ですが化合物ではなく、水（H2O）は分子でも化合物でもあります。

化合物のモル質量はどう計算しますか？

各元素の原子量に化学式中の原子の数を掛け、その結果を合計します。二酸化炭素 CO2 の場合：12.011 + 2 × 15.999 = 44.009 g/mol。